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#LyX 1.4.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\textclass article
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Title
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Asymmetrische Verschl<68>sselung am Beispiel erkl<6B>rt
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\end_layout
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2006-08-03 21:00:44 +02:00
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\begin_layout Author
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Einf<EFBFBD>hrung ins Thema
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Das Prinzip der asymmetrischen Verschl<68>sselung beruht im Wesentlichen darauf,
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dass sich jedeR KommunikationspartnerIn jeweils ein Schl<68>sselpaar erzeugt.
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Einer der Schl<68>ssel wird geheim gehalten, der so genannte
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\emph on
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private Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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und der andere, der so genannte
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\emph on
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<EFBFBD>ffentliche Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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wird jedem kommunikationswilligen Wesen zug<75>nglich gemacht.
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Der gro<72>e Vorteil dieses Verfahrens im Vergleich zur symmetrischen Verschl<68>ssel
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ung
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\begin_inset Foot
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status open
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\begin_layout Standard
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Symmetrische Verschl
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status collapsed
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"u
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sselung ist die gebr
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status collapsed
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\backslash
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"a
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\end_inset
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uchlichste Methode zur Geheimhaltung vor Dritten: Alle Teilnehmenden kennen
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den geheimen Code, mit dem sowohl ver- als auch entschl
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sselt wird.
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Jeder Mensch, der den gemeinsamen Code kennt, kann die verschl<68>sselten
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Daten lesen und verstehen.
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ist in der einfachen Verteilung des <20>ffentlichen Schl<68>ssels begr<67>ndet.
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Dieser kann wirklich f<>r jeden Menschen frei zug<75>nglich sein, ohne dass
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dadurch das Verfahren unsicher wird.
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Aber dazu sp<73>ter mehr.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Im Folgenden wird zur einfacheren Darstellung der
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\emph on
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<EFBFBD>ffentliche Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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als Schloss betrachtet und der
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\emph on
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private Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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als passender Schl<68>ssel f<>r dieses Schloss.
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\end_layout
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename bilder/oeffentlicher_und_privater_schluessel.png
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\begin_layout Standard
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Nehmen wir nun an, Bob m<>chte eine Nachricht an Alice schicken.
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Alice m<>chte aber nicht, dass ihr Vater lesen kann, was Bob f<>r Schweinereien
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schreibt.
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Dazu wird sie also als Erstes einige Schl<68>sser anfertigen, die nur von
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\emph on
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einem
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\emph default
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(ihrem) Schl<68>ssel ge<67>ffnet werden k<>nnen.
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Dann wird sie ihre (offenen!) Schl<68>sser an ihre Freunde verteilen, also
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auch an Bob.
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Bob hat nun ein offenes Schloss von Alice
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status collapsed
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Besonders wichtig ist die korrekte
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"U
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bergabe des Schlosses! Bob muss sich sicher sein k
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nnen, ein Schloss von Alice zu benutzen.
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Bestenfalls telefoniert er mit Alice und l
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sst sich das Schloss genauestens beschreiben.
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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, welches er zwar schlie<69>en kann, aber ohne passenden Schl<68>ssel nicht wieder
|
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|
zu <20>ffnen vermag (Alice wird ihren Schl<68>ssel nat<61>rlich um keinen Preis
|
|
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|
|
der Welt rausr<73>cken).
|
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|
Also f<>ngt Bob an, seinen Brief zu schreiben, steckt ihn in eine Kiste
|
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|
|
und verschlie<69>t diese mit dem Schloss von Alice.
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Float figure
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wide false
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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sideways false
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status open
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Graphics
|
2007-02-18 17:33:32 +01:00
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filename bilder/verschluesselung.png
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_inset
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Caption
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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Abgesehen von Alice ist nun niemand mehr in der Lage, die Kiste zu <20>ffnen
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
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|
und den Brief zu lesen.
|
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|
Die Kiste macht sich nun auf die Reise und erreicht irgendwann Alice, welche
|
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|
|
mit ihrem Schl<68>ssel das Schloss <20>ffnet, den Brief der Kiste entnimmt, liest
|
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|
und froh ist, dass ihr Vater Bobs Brief nicht lesen konnte.
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\end_layout
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Float figure
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wide false
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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sideways false
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status open
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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|
\begin_inset Graphics
|
2007-02-18 17:33:32 +01:00
|
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|
filename bilder/entschluesselung.png
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\begin_layout Caption
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_inset
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2006-07-29 18:27:02 +02:00
|
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|
Alice kann sich absolut sicher sein, dass niemand nach Verschlie<69>en der
|
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|
|
Kiste den Brief lesen konnte.
|
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|
|
Selbst Bob hatte nicht mehr die M<>glichkeit, den Brief zu lesen, geschweige
|
|
|
|
|
denn zu <20>ndern, da nur Alice den passenden Schl<68>ssel zum Schloss besitzt.
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Der angesprochene Vorteil der <20>ffentlichen Schl<68>ssel<65>bertragung besteht
|
|
|
|
|
also darin, dass prinzipiell jedeR ein Schloss von Alice benutzen kann
|
|
|
|
|
um Kisten zu verschlie<69>en, aber nur sie in der Lage ist, diese wieder zu
|
|
|
|
|
<20>ffnen.
|
|
|
|
|
Alice braucht sich zum Gedankenaustausch also nicht unter vier Augen mit
|
|
|
|
|
Bob zu treffen, was ihr Vater nie zulassen w<>rde.
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Ein Nachteil besteht allerdings darin, dass Alice sich nicht sicher sein
|
|
|
|
|
kann ob die Nachricht wirklich von Bob stammt oder ob irgendjemand
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
|
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Alice' Vater k<>nnte sein Schloss Bob unterjubeln (als angebliches Schloss
|
|
|
|
|
von Alice).
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Bob w
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
rde also die Kiste nicht mit dem Schloss von Alice verschlie
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"ss
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
en, sondern mit dem ihres Vaters.
|
|
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|
|
Dieser k
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
|
nnte die Kiste dann bequem mit seinem zugeh
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
rigen Schl<68>ssel
|
|
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|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
ffnen, den Brief lesen/manipulieren/zensieren und die Kiste mit Alice' Schloss
|
|
|
|
|
(welches er ja auch hat, weil es per Definition
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
status collapsed
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\end_layout
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
|
ffentlich ist) an Alice weiterleiten.
|
|
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|
|
Davon w
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
rde Alice nichts mitbekommen, da sie wie immer eine Kiste mit einem Brief
|
|
|
|
|
erh
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
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|
"a
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
lt, verschlossen mit ihrem Schloss.
|
|
|
|
|
Dieses Vorgehen wird
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
status collapsed
|
|
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|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
brigens Man-in-the-Middle-Attacke genannt.
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
|
|
\end_layout
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
\end_inset
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
einfach eines ihrer Schl<68>sser genommen und damit irgendeine Kiste verschlossen
|
|
|
|
|
hat.
|
|
|
|
|
Dazu muss sich Bob noch was einfallen lassen (Unterschrift, Blutspritzer,
|
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
|
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset Foot
|
2006-07-24 13:20:23 +02:00
|
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
|
|
|
Das Problem der f
|
|
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
"a
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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|
\end_inset
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
lschungssicheren Unterschrift ist jedoch auch mit den Werkzeugen der asymmetrisc
|
|
|
|
|
hen Verschl
|
|
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\end_layout
|
|
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\end_inset
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
sselung l
|
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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\backslash
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
|
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|
sbar.
|
|
|
|
|
Dazu erstellt Alice mit ihrem privaten Schl
|
|
|
|
|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
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|
status collapsed
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
|
|
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|
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|
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|
\backslash
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
|
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"u
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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ssel eine Signatur, anhand derer Bob mit Alice'
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"o
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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ffentlichem Schl
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"u
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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ssel die Herkunft der Nachricht
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"u
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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berpr
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"u
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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fen kann.
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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.
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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2006-07-24 13:20:23 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2007-02-18 15:08:18 +01:00
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\begin_inset Include \input{progress/asymmetrie.inc}
|
2006-07-24 13:20:23 +02:00
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preview false
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_body
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\end_document
|