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#LyX 1.4.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_header
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\textclass article
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end{rawhtml}
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Title
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Asymmetrische Verschl<68>sselung am Beispiel erkl<6B>rt
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Das Prinzip der asymmetrischen Verschl<68>sselung beruht im Wesentlichen darauf,
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dass sich jedeR KommunikationspartnerIn jeweils ein Schl<68>sselpaar erzeugt.
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Einer der Schl<68>ssel wird geheim gehalten, der sogenannte
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\emph on
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private Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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und der andere, der sogenannte
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\emph on
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<EFBFBD>ffentliche Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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wird jedem kommunikationswilligen Wesen zug<75>nglich gemacht.
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Der grosse Vorteil dieses Verfahrens im Vergleich zur symmetrischen Verschl<68>sse
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lung
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\begin_inset Foot
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status open
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\begin_layout Standard
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Symmetrische Verschl
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status collapsed
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\backslash
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"u
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sselung ist die gebr
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status collapsed
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\backslash
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"a
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\end_inset
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uchlichste Methode zur Geheimhaltung vor Dritten: Alle Teilnehmenden kennen
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den geheimen Code, mit dem sowohl ver- als auch entschl
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\begin_inset ERT
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\backslash
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sselt wird.
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Jeder Mensch, der den gemeinsamen Code kennt, kann die verschl<68>sselten
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Daten lesen und verstehen.
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ist in der einfachen Verteilung des <20>ffentlichen Schl<68>ssels begr<67>ndet.
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Dieser kann wirklich f<>r jeden Menschen frei zug<75>nglich sein, ohne dass
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dadurch das Verfahren unsicher wird.
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Aber dazu sp<73>ter mehr.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Im Folgenden wird zur einfacheren Darstellung der
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\emph on
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<EFBFBD>ffentliche Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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als Schloss betrachtet und der
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\emph on
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private Schl<68>ssel
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\emph default
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als passender Schl<68>ssel f<>r dieses Schloss.
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\end_layout
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wide false
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status open
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename oeffentlicher_und_privater_schluessel.png
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\begin_layout Standard
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Nehmen wir nun an, Bob m<>chte eine Nachricht an Alice schicken.
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Alice m<>chte aber nicht, dass ihr Vater lesen kann, was Bob f<>r Schweinereien
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schreibt.
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Dazu wird sie also als Erstes einige Schl<68>sser anfertigen, die nur von
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\emph on
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einem
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\emph default
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(ihrem) Schl<68>ssel ge<67>ffnet werden k<>nnen.
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Dann wird sie ihre (offenen!) Schl<68>sser an ihre Freunde verteilen, also
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auch an Bob.
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Bob hat nun ein offenes Schloss von Alice
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status collapsed
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Besonders wichtig ist die korrekte
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"U
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bergabe des Schlosses! Bob muss sich sicher sein k
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nnen, ein Schloss von Alice zu benutzen.
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Bestenfalls telefoniert er mit Alice und l
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"a
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sst sich das Schloss genauestens beschreiben.
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, welches er zwar schlie<69>en kann, aber ohne passenden Schl<68>ssel nicht wieder
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zu <20>ffnen vermag (Alice wird ihren Schl<68>ssel nat<61>rlich um keinen Preis
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|
der Welt rausr<73>cken).
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Also f<>ngt Bob an, seinen Brief zu schreiben, steckt ihn in eine Kiste
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und verschlie<69>t diese mit dem Schloss von Alice.
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Float figure
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wide false
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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sideways false
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status open
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename verschluesselung.png
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_inset
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Caption
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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Abgesehen von Alice ist nun niemand mehr in der Lage, die Kiste zu <20>ffnen
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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und den Brief zu lesen.
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Die Kiste macht sich nun auf die Reise und erreicht irgendwann Alice, welche
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mit ihrem Schl<68>ssel das Schloss <20>ffnet, den Brief der Kiste entnimmt, liest
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und froh ist, dass ihr Vater Bobs Brief nicht lesen konnte.
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
|
2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Float figure
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wide false
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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sideways false
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status open
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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\begin_inset Graphics
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filename entschluesselung.png
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Caption
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_inset
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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2006-04-14 18:12:18 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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Alice kann sich absolut sicher sein, dass niemand nach Verschliessen der
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Kiste den Brief noch lesen konnte.
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Selbst Bob hatte nicht mehr die M<>glichkeit den Brief zu lesen, geschweige
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denn zu <20>ndern, da nur sie den passenden Schl<68>ssel zum Schloss besitzt.
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Der angesprochene Vorteil der <20>ffentlichen Schl<68>ssel<65>bertragung besteht
|
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also darin, dass prinzipiell jedeR ein Schloss von Alice benutzen kann
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um Kisten zu verschlie<69>en, aber nur sie in der Lage ist, diese wieder zu
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<20>ffnen.
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Alice braucht sich zum Gedankenaustausch also nicht unter vier Augen mit
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Bob zu treffen, was ihr Vater nie zulassen w<>rde.
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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Ein Nachteil besteht allerdings darin, dass Alice sich nicht sicher sein
|
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kann ob die Nachricht wirklich von Bob stammt oder ob irgendjemand
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\begin_inset Foot
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
|
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|
Alice' Vater k<>nnte sein Schloss Bob unterjubeln (als angebliches Schloss
|
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|
von Alice).
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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Bob w
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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rde also die Kiste nicht mit dem Schloss von Alice verschlie
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"ss
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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en, sondern mit dem ihres Vaters.
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Dieser k
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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nnte die Kiste dann bequem mit seinem zugeh
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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rigen Schl<68>ssel
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"o
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
ffnen, den Brief lesen/manipulieren/zensieren und die Kiste mit Alice' Schloss
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|
(welches er ja auch hat, weil es per Definition
|
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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ffentlich ist) an Alice weiterleiten.
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Davon w
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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rde Alice nichts mitbekommen, da sie wie immer eine Kiste mit einem Brief
|
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erh
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"a
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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lt, verschlossen mit ihrem Schloss.
|
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|
Dieses Vorgehen wird
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\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-05-14 17:59:38 +02:00
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|
brigens Man-in-the-Middle-Attacke genannt.
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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|
\end_layout
|
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\end_inset
|
2005-04-23 22:35:52 +02:00
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|
einfach eines ihrer Schl<68>sser genommen und damit irgendeine Kiste verschlossen
|
|
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|
hat.
|
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|
|
Dazu muss sich Bob noch was einfallen lassen (Unterschrift, Blutspritzer,
|
|
|
|
|
\SpecialChar \ldots{}
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
|
|
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|
)
|
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\begin_inset Foot
|
2006-07-24 13:20:23 +02:00
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status collapsed
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
Das Problem der f
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"a
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
lschungssicheren Unterschrift ist jedoch auch mit den Werkzeugen der asymmetrisc
|
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|
hen Verschl
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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sselung l
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"o
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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sbar.
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|
Dazu erstellt Alice mit ihrem privaten Schl
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\begin_inset ERT
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\backslash
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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"u
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
|
2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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|
|
ssel eine Signatur, anhand derer Bob mit Alice'
|
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|
\begin_inset ERT
|
2006-06-12 14:28:14 +02:00
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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2005-09-23 02:09:57 +02:00
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ffentlichem Schl
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ssel die Herkunft der Nachricht
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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berpr
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fen kann.
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset Include \input{/home/phil/daten/sao/svn/cryptocd/trunk/documents/progress/progress_asymmetrie.inc}
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preview false
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\end_body
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\end_document
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