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#LyX 1.4.1 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
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\begin_header
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\textclass article
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\usepackage{german}
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\backslash
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
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end{rawhtml}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Title
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Wie funktioniert Verschl<68>sselung eigentlich?
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Verschl<EFBFBD>sselung nennt man den Vorgang, bei dem ein Klartext mit Hilfe eines
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bestimmten Verfahrens (Algorithmus) in einen Geheimtext umgewandelt wird.
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Dazu werden ein oder mehrere Schl<68>ssel verwendet.
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Das sich damit besch<63>ftigende Forschungsgebiet wird als Kryptografie
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\begin_inset Foot
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status open
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\begin_layout Standard
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siehe auch:
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status open
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\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
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htmladdnormallink{Wikipedia Kryptographie}{http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptograp
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hie}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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bezeichnet.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Die Kryptografie hat vier Hauptziele:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Vertraulichkeit der Nachricht: Nur der/die autorisierte Empf<70>ngerIn sollte
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in der Lage sein, den Inhalt einer verschl<68>sselten Nachricht zu lesen.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Datenintegrit<EFBFBD>t der Nachricht: Der/die Empf<70>ngerIn sollte in der Lage sein
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festzustellen, ob die Nachricht w<>hrend ihrer <20>bertragung ver<65>ndert wurde.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Authentifizierung: Der/die Empf<70>ngerIn sollte eindeutig <20>berpr<70>fen k<>nnen,
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ob die Nachricht tats<74>chlich vom angegebenen Absender stammt.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Itemize
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Verbindlichkeit: Der/die AbsenderIn sollte nicht in der Lage sein zu bestreiten,
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dass die Nachricht von ihm/ihr kommt.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Diese vier Ziele lassen sich leicht auf unseren t<>glichen Gebrauch von E-Mails
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<20>bertragen:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Wir m<>chten, dass wirklich nur die vorgesehenen Empf<70>ngerInnen unsere Nachricht
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lesen k<>nnen.
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Die Nachricht soll auf ihrem Weg durch das Netz nicht unbemerkt ver<65>ndert
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werden k<>nnen und der/die AbsenderIn soll eindeutig zu identifizieren sein,
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damit niemensch in ihrem/seinem Namen schreiben kann.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Genau hier setzt die Mailverschl<68>sselung an.
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Dabei gibt es zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren mit denen Nachrichten verschl<68>sse
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lt werden k<>nnen:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection*
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Symmetrische Verschl<68>sselung
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Die
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\emph on
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\emph default
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symmetrische Verschl<68>sselung benutzt nur ein Kennwort zum ver- und entschl<68>sseln.
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Das ist im Prinzip wie eine Zahlenkombination am Fahrradschloss.
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Nur wer diese kennt, kann schnell losradeln.
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Alle anderen brauchen dazu Fingerspitzengf<67>hl oder einen Seitenschneider.
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Diese Zahlenkombination (also das Kennwort) m<>ssen daher alle Kommunikationspar
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tnerInnen kennen, was mitunter sehr kompliziert werden kann
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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Mensch stelle sich eine Mailingliste mit vielen Teilnehmern vor.
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Wie soll es mit angemessenem Aufwand gelingen, das eine (und einzige) Kennwort
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zu verteilen? Was passiert, wenn jemensch die Gruppe verl
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\backslash
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"a
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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sst?
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Subsubsection*
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Asymetrische Verschl<68>sselung
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Deswegen gibt es die asymmetrische Verschl<68>sselung, die f<>r unsere Zwecke
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einige interessante M<>glichkeiten bietet.
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Hierbei werden zwei verschiedene Schl<68>ssel
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\begin_inset Foot
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status collapsed
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\begin_layout Standard
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im weitesten Sinne sind das auch Kennw
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\begin_inset ERT
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status collapsed
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\backslash
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"o
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\end_inset
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rter.
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zum Einsatz: ein <20>ffentlicher und ein geheimer Schl<68>ssel.
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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Wie die asymmetrische Verschl<68>sselung funktioniert und wann welcher Schl<68>ssel
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eingesetzt wird, erkl<6B>rt eine recht bildhafte Beschreibung am Beispiel
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der frisch Verliebten Alice & Bob, die von Alice' b<>sem Vater Mallory belauscht
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werden:
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\end_layout
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\begin_layout Standard
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\begin_inset ERT
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status open
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\begin_layout Standard
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\backslash
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htmladdnormallink{Asymetrische Verschl
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\backslash
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"usselung am Beispiel erkl
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\backslash
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"art}{asymmetrie.html}
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\end_layout
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\end_inset
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\end_layout
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\end_body
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\end_document
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